Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Public Health - 1163 Words
PUBLIC HEALTH Health is the word used to describe how your body feels. Being healthy is important because it makes you feel good and live longer. The field of health psychology is focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Health psychologists also focus on understanding how people react, cope and recover from illness. Some health psychologists work to improve the health care system and the government s approach to health care policy. Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person s mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in good health or healthy). The World Healthâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is also a field that is concerned with limiting health disparities and a large part of public health is the fight for health care equity, quality, and accessibility. The field of public health is highly varied and encompasses many academic disciplines. However, public health is mainly composed of the following core areas: ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER The objective of the health officer manual is to support effective public health practice of local health officers by providing a collection of relevant guidance documents related to issues that health officers are likely to encounter. Although many of the documents are available in various locations and websites, the collection allows the local health officer to find many items in one location. These documents support the health officer role and local response to various environmental health related conditions. The health officer manual is being updated in 2011 to offer the most current information available (last update was 2003) and sections will be periodically updated as newer versions of guidance documents become available. The role of public halth officer are as follows:. 1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems. 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. 3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. 4. MobilizeShow MoreRelatedPublic Health And Social Health869 Words à |à 4 Pages In the 20th century, public health was greatly defined, shaped, and heralded by itsââ¬â¢ breakthroughsââ¬â¢ against infectious diseases of the time and other communicable diseases. Stern and global policies supporting mass vaccinations and mass hygienic regulations, both created an environment in which Public Health as a discipline was able to advance and counter the plagues and pandemics of itsââ¬â¢ day. Contrastingly, in the 21st century, we are globally being faced with a different kind of animal, chronicRead MoreThe Principles of Public Health822 Words à |à 3 PagesWhat are the principles of public health? There are two difference approaches to show the principles of public health. One is including mission, core functions and ten essential services. The other one has 5 public health principles. Firstly, the principles of public health are mission, core functions and ten essential services. The mission is to achieve societyââ¬â¢s interest in ensuring peopleââ¬â¢s health conditions. The core functions are divided into three parts. The first part is assessment. AssessmentRead MoreFracking And The Public Health1230 Words à |à 5 PagesHydraulic fracturing or fracking has become a concern both environmentally and in the public health sphere in Western Maryland. In analyzing these ideas, the environment and public health concerns intertwine in a discourse about the relationship on both power and knowledge. Fracking is a new issue for the state of Maryland to consider; therefore dominant narratives on this subject are still being developed and legitimized. Studies have been conducted in other regions around the world to analyze theRead MoreMà ¤ori Public Health:4032 Words à |à 17 PagesMà ¤ori Public Health: Ethics A discussion paper Preamble Being asked to write a paper on Mà ¤ori perspectives on Public Health ethics raises issues for me. Some years ago my research colleagues and I invited Moana Jackson to participate in a project on genetic engineering. Our first question for him was along the lines of whether Mà ¤ori had a ââ¬Ëunique perspectiveââ¬â¢ on genetic engineering. It was then that we received our lesson about the use of the word ââ¬Ëperspectiveââ¬â¢ (Cram, Pihama Philip-BarbaraRead More Global Public Health Essay1671 Words à |à 7 PagesAfter 150 years of public health research and intervention, there are bound to be many lessons to draw upon which can provide the insight to guide public health professionals and institutions as they design and implement specific strategies, policies, and measures to increase global resilience for ââ¬Å"complex health emergenciesâ⬠. Identifying both the modifications to public health systems and looking closely from the history of managing environmental and other threats to the public health sector increasesRead MoreBloombergs Commitment to Public Health741 Words à |à 3 PagesBloombergââ¬â¢s commitment to public health was certainly strong throughout his time as mayor of New York. On the one hand, he understood the importance in addressing some of the largest health issues of our time. On the other however, it seems that many of his policies were made without proper scientific evidence and backing and were made based on his own personal philosophies rather those of the people they affected. He himself said ââ¬Å"I just spent roughly $600 million of my own money to try to stopRead MoreAn International Student Of Public Health Essay1227 Words à |à 5 PagesTrying to Fulfil a Dream As an international student, public health is not a major you hear about regularly. As a Middle-Eastern, everyone is expected to pursue a degree in Medicine, Engineering or Pharmacy. I recall the most common question I got asked when I mentioned I was majoring in public health was, ââ¬Å"...so, you are going to be a nurse?â⬠The idea was introduced to me by my mother some years back, who is a physician, who thought it would suit my lifetime general goals. As a child I rememberRead MorePublic Health Issue Of Vaccinations2238 Words à |à 9 PagesAbstract This paper examines the controversy surrounding the public health issue of vaccinations in children. Following a careful review of the literature surrounding this issue, the possible reasons for and implications of having a large percentage of the population who remains unvaccinated are discussed. Possible interventions and purposed interventions for resolution of this problem are discussed and conclusions are drawn based on what it learned from the literature. Keywords: controversy, vaccinationsRead MoreHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words à |à 4 PagesThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable diseaseRead MoreApplication Of Public Health Principles823 Words à |à 4 PagesApplication of Public Health Principles to Biodefense. Principles of public health are basically the essence and fundamentals of the public health practice. Public health are the sum total measures adopted to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life of the population. Application of the public health principles to biodefense, therefore entails biosurveillance, countermeasure stockpiling and distribution, mass casualty care in the event of bioterrorism, and community resilience (Homeland
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Accounting Standard-Setters Free Essays
Accounting standard-setters have an expectation that the readers of general purpose financial reports have a ââ¬Ëreasonable knowledgeââ¬â¢ of accounting. Specifically, the IASB Framework states that ââ¬Ëusers are expected to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligenceââ¬â¢. Hence, there is an expectation that financial statements are not tailored to meet the needs of people who have not, in some way, studied financial accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Standard-Setters or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students should be encouraged to consider whether this expectation is in itself ââ¬Ëreasonableââ¬â¢. As Chapter 2 states, there is an expectation held by accounting standard-setters that users of financial statements have a reasonably sound knowledge of financial accounting. For example, within the IASB Framework (which is also the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Framework) reference is made to users who ââ¬Ëare expected to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligenceââ¬â¢. Within the United States Conceptual Framework Project, reference is made to the ââ¬Ëinformed readerââ¬â¢. Hence, a view has been adopted by the regulators that users of financial statements should have a certain level of knowledge, and when accounting standards are being developed, this level of knowledge is assumed. In defence of this position, we could probably argue that if such an assumption was not made then the development of accounting standards would be much more difficult and time consuming given that the standard-setters would need to consider how uninformed users might react to the particular standards. The position adopted is also consistent with other professions which also typically assume a certain level of expertise when developing guidance for their professionsââ¬â¢ members (however, we need to be careful with justifications like thisââ¬âjust because others do a certain thing does not mean it is the ââ¬Ërightââ¬â¢ thing). If users find it necessary, there are many experts who would be available to provide advice on how particular numbers were derived. Of course, such advice will generally be at a cost which does raise the issue that it can be costly for some individuals to gain an understanding about the operations of organisations that perhaps have an impact on their ongoing existence. Hence, while there is arguably a ââ¬Ëright-to-knowââ¬â¢, for people without an accounting knowledge this right can only be exercised at some cost. In making this judgement, students should consider the various articles that frequently appear in newspapers, and various discussions that occur on television and radio in relation to an organisationââ¬â¢s profits. Rarely is any mention made of the accounting methods used, even though the profits ultimately reported are directly a product of the many decisions that would have been made regarding how particular items should be accounted for (if possible, direct reference should be made to a number of articles which discuss organisationsââ¬â¢ reported profits). Hence, it does appear as if profits are often held out as some form of ââ¬Ëhardââ¬â¢, objective measure of organisational performance. In considering why the media might behave in this manner, one possibility is that those responsible for writing the stories are ignorant that financial accounting relies upon a great deal of professional judgement and they might believe that every decision made by accountants is clearly mapped out by a comprehensive system of rules. Alternatively, the writers might consider that people simply do not want to be ââ¬Ëbogged downââ¬â¢ in the fine detail. As another possibility the accounting profession, through such vehicles as conceptual frameworks, may have successfully cultivated an impression (with the people in the media, and others) that the practice of accounting is objective, and the output of the accounting system is highly comparable between different entitiesââ¬âmeaning that one organisationââ¬â¢s profits can appropriately be compared to another. The implications of this approach to reporting profits in the media is that one entityââ¬â¢s performance as represented by its profit might simply be compared to another, and that the entity with the higher reported profit might be considered to be more successful, and therefore to represent a better investment. Its management might also be considered in a more favourable light than the management of the entity with the lower reported profits. Implications such as this, however, assume that readers and media listeners do not appreciate that profits are directly related to the various accounting choices made. Advocates of an efficient market perspective, however, might argue that as long as the information about accounting method selection is made public somewhere, such as in the annual report, then the market (for example, the capital market), on average, will be able to understand how the adoption of particular accounting methods affected reported profits, and hence the market will not simply fixate on the final numbers reported. There are differences in opinion about the efficiency of markets, such as the capital market. A further point that could be raised in relation to this question is that accounting ââ¬Ëprofitsââ¬â¢ are not a comprehensive measure of organisational performance given that accounting profits typically disregard many of the social and environmental implications of a reporting entity. How to cite Accounting Standard-Setters, Essay examples
Saturday, May 2, 2020
ââ¬ÅThe Wifes Lamentââ¬Â Summary and Analysis free essay sample
The Wifeââ¬â¢s Lament The poem The Wifeââ¬â¢s Lament is known very well within the Anglo Saxon elegy, although to this day, this challenges some scholars to be, in fact, a riddle. However, The Wifeââ¬â¢s Lament is an elegy that is being told from a female narrator mourning for her husband and reflecting on her loss. This shares the same characteristics as an elegy, this includes the passing time, exile, longing, separation, and pain. This poem has been characterized as a riddle, That the narrator displays an element of mystery in his/her writing. Most Anglo Saxon elegies are monologues spoken by an undefined character that is cut off from human society, friends, family, and the comfort of their own home. Losing her importance and role in society by exile, as well as her sense of belonging, therefore, she experiences loneliness throughout the passing of time, wishing she would get a life of happiness she had once known. We will write a custom essay sample on ââ¬Å"The Wifes Lamentâ⬠Summary and Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This allows us the reader the feel the aching of absence, separation, and longing using vivid imagery. Though Faye Walker Pelkey, a literary scholar, has pointed out that the poem has ââ¬Å"riddle-like flavorâ⬠(Making The Wifeââ¬â¢s Lament possible one of the more perfect Anglo Saxon riddle ever written), this remains an expressive, complex, and emotional Anglo-Saxon elegy with the consistent tone of longing. She didnââ¬â¢t deserve what she was handed per se because, she was exiled by her husband, her, and her happy lifestyle. The husband should not have done as he did but he allowed this to happen to leave her lonely for the rest of her life. However, she stayed strong and continued to believe her husband cared and loved her even after everything had gone on. She is also left in agony due to her lord being in a cold, dark desolate place. This was a tense poem with some pithy to the story of this woman that has some metaphorical context. Anglo Saxon poems are meant to have sorrow to allow the person to feel the emotion of the story. She was exiled by her husband and because of her lord forsook his people. Her husband allowed this to happen to her which he should not have put in this time period this was their way of punishments. This poem was one if not the best riddles of the Anglo Saxon elegy displaying a lot of mystery from her story she has told.
Tuesday, March 24, 2020
From Nothing to Something free essay sample
Louisa Amour A. Laguna Ill Lube October 03, 2012 Unique in an Insulting Way What is badly? Well, it actually refers to a person who dressed weird. This is the kind of tag to those persons who has an out of this world fashion statement. It is also a kind of insult and humiliation. It can also be a factor for bullying. How will you know if youre badly? So I set up some standards for badly. Badly can also be associated to those persons who came from provinces. Theyre somewhat connected cause those who came from provinces doesnt know the latest trends or fashion statements of urban people. Rural people tend to wear purporting, camas, and bake. But not all rural persons are badly. Some can blend well to the fashion statement of urban people. Well, my first standard for being badly is a person wearing a abstain pants. We will write a custom essay sample on From Nothing to Something or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It really looks badly because pants are meant to cover the whole legs not Just a quarter of it. Second, those persons who are wearing bright- lore or rainbow-colored dresses and long sleeves. That fashion statement is so ass. Were now in the year 2012 so better use the fashion statement of this year. Third, those girls who are wearing headbands with big ribbons. It really looks badly because you look like a gift with a ribbon on top. That fashion statement is also so ass. Last, those persons who wears there Jewelry box for Just one occasion. Lets take Amelia Marcos as an example. She looks badly right? Lets Just stick to the saying that less is more. Being badly is not a sin but it can make you out of place. Well, its not your fault that you dress like that. Maybe you were influenced by your surroundings and when you go to other places that fashion statement is not acceptable or maybe you are Just stuck from the past. Sometimes being badly can individualize you from other people. It makes you unique in an insulting way. So if you think you passed my standards, better be ready to search the web or magazines for the latest fashion trend of the year.
Friday, March 6, 2020
The Differences in Nonverbal Communication between Men and Women in the Workplaces
The Differences in Nonverbal Communication between Men and Women in the Workplaces Nonverbal communication entails the use body expressions, movements and gestures that signify a certain aspect. Nonverbal communication plays an important role in passing information from one person to another. For effective communication to take place, both parties should be able to decode the nonverbal cues involved.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Differences in Nonverbal Communication between Men and Women in the Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, one has to be well equipped with the necessary knowledge to enable him/her to identify a given nonverbal cue as well as understand the message attached to that particular gesture. Men and women have different facial expressions as well as different gestures as far as nonverbal communication is concerned. This paper explores the differences in nonverbal communication between men and women in the workplaces. Nonverbal cues not only reveal ones emotions but also tend to reveal all the underlying motives of the person in question. In most cases, they reveal fear, joy, honesty, indecision as well as frustration among others. The simplest gestures like the way co-workers stand or enter a room usually speak volumes about aspects such as their confidence, self-worth and credibility (Bryon, 2007, p. 720). Some behaviors also reveal peopleââ¬â¢s intent than they may realize. For instance, one unknowingly passes information by the way they sit, look and even stand among othes. Nonverbal communication occurs in a variety of ways such as eye movements, facial expressions and body postures. Eye contact is a common nonverbal communication aspect. It is made through a series of glances by one party (the speaker) to ensure that the other party (listener) has understood or to gage reactions. The listener uses eye contact to indicate their interest in the speakerââ¬â¢s words or activity. However, men and women behave differentl y. Most men tend to look up at the end of utterances unlike women who will still retain their eye contact. According to Espito, women use eye contact more than their male counterparts do especially as a sign of a lagging conversation (2007, p. 102). They do so by looking away to pay more attention to other people and objects within their vicinity. For instance, when a woman glances at her watch, gazes blankly into the distance, or visually scans the room, she is giving definite signals with her eyes that she has, in effect, stopped listening (Gorman, 2008, p. 44). Most women tend to discuss work-related issues using a social gaze instead of a business gaze. A business gaze entails placing oneââ¬â¢s eyes at the mid forehead of the listener. Usually, it is like an imaginary triangle with the eyes at the base and the apex at the mid forehead. When one keeps their gaze in that area, they nonverbally signal no-nonsense, businesslike approach.Advertising Looking for research pa per on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the imaginary triangle is inverted, one moves their focus from the eyes to the mouth-a social gaze. Men have proven to be good at the business gaze as opposed to their female counterparts in the work places. Gorman argues that women need to be aware that to be taken seriously in business interactions, a business gaze has the most impact (2008, p. 52). When men stare at someone in a business setting, their sole intention is to challenge power or status, which is not the case with women. Women usually engage in more eye contact when holding a conversation. However, men do not make much eye contact. Another aspect that distinguishes the two genders as far as eye contact is concerned is that women are usually more likely to be interrupted when eye contact is not maintained with the other party compared to men. Men and women differ in their pacifying behaviors that help them deal with their stress. Touching or rubbing oneââ¬â¢s neck is one of the most significant and frequent pacifying responses to not only internal but also external stressors. Men may pull their collar as an indirect way to get more ââ¬Ëbreathing spaceââ¬â¢. They also express their stress by stroking themselves under the chin above the Adamââ¬â¢s apple as well as tugging at the fleshy part of their neck. Research has shown that the fleshy part of the neck is rich with nerve endings that, when stroked, reduce blood pressure, lower the heart rate and calm the individual down. Women pacify by touching their necks differently than men do. They at times touch or twist the necklaces that they might be wearing. Additionally, they touch or cover the hollow area right below the Adamââ¬â¢s apple when they feel threatened, fearful or anxious. Mostly, male executives tend to show their dominance in their area of expertise by using finger pointing which is less likely to be asso ciated with the females. They usually use finger pointing in meetings, negotiations or interviews. Rather than being a sign of authority, aggressive finger pointing (with one or four fingers) suggests that the person is losing control of the situation. The position of the legs is also an important signal as far as nonverbal communication is concerned. When men sit with their legs open, they signify an open dominant attitude. A crossed leg position for men usually signifies uncertainty. The opposite is true for women-crossed leg positions show an open dominant attitude in women. Sitting with legs apart in public forums is an especially masculine signal that indicates a high level of comfort and confidence. The design of crossing ones legs is also a significant aspect in understanding the nonverbal cues of both men and women. Crossing legs at the knee with the toes relaxed is the usual option for women. On the other hand, most men usually stretch out their legs and cross them loosely at the ankles. Crossing one leg and resting it on the other thigh (so that one knee opens up) is a very masculine position that tales up a great deal of room and signals that the person in question is very sure of himself and of his place in the group.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Differences in Nonverbal Communication between Men and Women in the Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oneââ¬â¢s walking style speaks volumes about their confidence. Men tend to land squarely on their heels and roll toward the balls of their feet. On the other hand, women catch their weight forward-ââ¬Ëoff their heelsââ¬â¢. Some women, in expression of their confidence, actually walk on the balls of their feet. Another aspect that portrays ones confidence if the way they greet other people especially via a handshake. Men do not attach a lot of significance to the way they greet other people, thus it might not mean much to the recipients. On the other hand, in women, a firm handshake is a sign of self-confidence. They make a good impression due to their confidence as well as assertiveness. The amount of space required to feel comfortable in work relations (when holding conversations) varies with not only individuals but also with gender. Men who do not know each other well tend to keep a greater distance between them than women who have just met. The difference in the interpersonal distance as determined by gender is even true in Web 2.0 virtual online worlds where many of the rules that govern personal space in the physical world can be found in the virtual world. Generally, women tend to approach others closer than men do. Additionally, they prefer side-by-side interactions whereas men prefer face-to-face conversations (Pathi, 2008, p. 110). The amount of space given to an individual in the workplace signifies their status. Space usually indicates dominance and leadership. The highe r the professional status an employee has, the more space he or she is commonly awarded. Gender differences cannot be identified in such a setting. However, males and females behave differently when it comes to taking space during meetings. Less confident men tend to pull in as opposed to their less confident female counterparts. On the other hand, confident women tend to keep their materials on the desk in one neat pile whereas the men usually spread out their papers on the table. Both are taken as nonverbal expressions for their dominance as well as confidence. While entering meetings with a high status, female employees have a greater composure than men do. Before entering the room where the meeting is being held, most male employees will often adjust their jacket, touch their hair or make other adjustments to how they look. However, some female employees show such a behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women prefer high levels of nonverbal communication than men. Menââ¬â¢s nonverbal behavior associated with dominance and power. Most of womenââ¬â¢s facial and body motions signal friendliness and approachability. On the other hand, such motions indicate more reservation and control in men. Research as shown that the reason why most women are receptionists is that they smile even when they are not happy. On the other hand, it is hard for men to display their emotions through smiling. Additionally, women use facial expressions a lot to not only send but also to receive messages. On the contrary, men do not use facial expressions as much. Honesty is one of the core values of most organizations in the contemporary society. However, some employees may not always be honest. Nonverbal cues have been proved to be effective in detecting lies in such instances. For instance, men engage more in foot/leg movement when telling a truth than their female counterparts do. Furthermore, facial expression/cues differ significantly. Males who are telling the truth are less likely to employ facial adaptors, as is the case with male liars. On the other hand, women are more likely to employ facial cues when telling the truth than men are. In conclusion, there are many ways in which men and women differ as far as nonverbal communication is concerned. Some of the ways include the manner in which they cross or rather position their legs while seated, their motives when they stare at someone as well as their ability to use their facial expressions. Additionally, men tend to use space especially in business meetings to express their dominance as opposed to their female counterparts. It is important to have a thorough understanding of the role that body language plays in day-to-day business activities. Executives, salespeople and managers should not only make efforts in reading the clear signs of others but also have to understand their own nonverbal communication means. References Bryon, Kristin. (2007). Male and Female Managersââ¬â¢ Ability to ââ¬Ëreadââ¬â¢ Emotions: Relationships with Supervisorââ¬â¢s Performance Ratings and Subordinatesââ¬â¢ Satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 713-733. Espito, A. (2007). Fundamentals of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and theà Biometric Issue. Amsterdam, NLD: IOS Press. Gorman, C.K. (2008). Nonverbal Advantage: Secrets and Science of the Bodyà Language at Work. Williston, VT: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Pathi, S. (2008). Modern Business Communication. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.
Wednesday, February 19, 2020
Ethnocentric and Eurocentric Translations Research Paper
Ethnocentric and Eurocentric Translations - Research Paper Example The cultural identities have the tendency to strongly influence the behaviors, acts, and attitudes of the people in each and every facet of their lives. The cultural competencies take the shape of very complex phenomenon when a translator came across this issue. The translator can best perform its responsibilities when he is well aware of the complexities that exist between different cultures and he knows how to justifiably deal with the cultural issues while translating the material from one language to another. (Lefevere and Andrà ©, 1992) A good translator is supposed to be well aware of the importance and role of the differences between different cultures (Brislin and Richard, 1976). However, there is also a possibility that the translator acts as an ambassador of a particular culture and neglects the depth of the other cultural contribution by translating it into less effective words, phrases or language. Earlier the translator was not exposed to the concept of cultural differences and he was not supposed to follow the importance of cultural differences while doing the translations. The early definitions of translation also focus upon replacing a word with equivalent text regardless of its cultural expression (Catford, 1965). However, gradually there was awareness about the importance of keeping in view the cultural difference while translating material from one language to other. (Hatim et al, 2006) The awareness about studying the cultural differences during the translations was felt during the time of ancient Rome.
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes Essay
Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes - Essay Example Essential leadership characteristics include: leadership inspiration (feeling the need to lead but not by searching for power/leadership forcefully), drive, self-confidence (this accounts for emotional stability as a leader), integrity and honesty, knowledge, and intellectual ability. There is little proof that versatility, creativeness and charisma are traits that should be exhibited by leaders. Our belief is that the important leadership traits always come in handy in enabling a leader to acquire skills necessary for coming up with a desired achievable vision and taking the necessary measures in the implementation of the vision. This is a paper that is interested in highlighting the effectiveness and desirability of leadership traits universally with regard to being an international leader. I will show, in this paper on universal effectiveness and desirable leadership attributes that are constituted and exhibited by an international leader, illustration and some examples of the traits that an international leader should exhibit. Leadership has been described by some as the procedure of public influence that one individual can solicit the help and assistance of other people in a bid to successfully perform and conclude a prevalent task. Another common definition of leadership is that it is a process in which a particular person influences a group of people for the achievement of a common vision. (Northouse, 2007, p3). A leader is that said to be the person in charge of the group accomplishing the task. He is the one with the ability to his influence and other traits while commanding a group for the accomplishment of the desired task. Concepts of leadership In accordance to Bass, the concept of leadership declares that there exist three primary approaches to describe how individuals are initiated to leadership (Bass, 1990, pp. 20). The approach depicted in the first two describes the leadership growth for some individuals. One of the concepts of leadership is that a person may rise to the occasion when an important event or a looming crisis occurs making the individual to behave like a leader and exhibit some of the important traits necessary for leadership. An example of such a leader is Nelson Mandela. He grew up i n South Africa a normal person like any other but due to the invasion of South Africa by colonialist he rose to the occasion to fight for the independence of his people and this made him recognised as a hero. This is called the great events concept. The other trait is referred to as the Trait concept (Schwartz 2010). This is the concept that says that some individual traits will act as a natural guide to people that will lead them leadership tasks/roles. The third concept is the process or transformational leadership concept. It states that leadership traits can be learnt and thus people have the ability to become leaders by choice. Global leadership The interdisciplinary research of the key components that leaders of the future in all areas of the personal expertise should obtain to successfully get familiar themselves with the emotional, physical, regional, anthropological, geopolitical and sociological results of globalization is referred to as global leadership (Hayes, 2011). Gl obal leadership takes place when a person or a group of people get around collaborative initiatives of distinct stakeholders through ecological sophistication towards a perspective by utilizing a global attitude. As an effect of styles, that start at colonialism and get perpetuated by the increase in press channels, advancement that come to being due to interconnection on networks
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